Vocabulary Unit 7 and Unit 8

Unit 7

Unit 8

Marco Polo: He was a navegator who made a lot of journeys to discovered the world Technical advances: They were the portulan charts, the navigational instruments and ships Portulan Charts: They were new maps that showed the coastline and any obstacles Compass: it was a new navigational instrument which marked the north astrolabe: It is a historical astronomical instrumentused by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; determining local time Quadrant: A quadrant is an instrument that is used to measure angles up to 90°. Caravels: A 'caravel' is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by thePortuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. Prince Henry the Navigator: was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations. Bartolomeu Dias: He rounded the Cape of Good Hope Vasco de Gama: He reached India Christopher Columbus: He was a Genoese sailor Ferdinand Magallan: He captained the Magellan's expedition. Juan Sebastian Elcano: He was the second-in-command Overseas empires: great empires Treaty of Tordesillas: unexplored regions were divided by this. Indigenous population of America

The plague: the most terrible event en the 14th century The Black Death: the same of the plague Bourgueoisie: became influential bureaucracy: a professional and centralised administration army: troops paid by the monarch diplomatic: system to maintain relations with other countries autoritarian monarchies: they were born Ivan the Great: unified Russia Henry VIII: increased the royal power in the early sixteenth century Charles VII: unified France Francis I: unified France Catholic Monarchs: unified Spain Holy brotherhood: a judicial force Royal Council: the highest judicial body Corregidores: to establish royal authority in the towns Treasury: it was stregthned by the Monarchs Tribunal of the Inquisition: to prosecute heretics conversos: Jews who converted into Christianism Mudejares: Spanish Muslims Moriscos: Muslims who converted to Christianity.