Charles V and the Holy Roman Empire

Homework:

Where was born Charles V?
He was born in Ghent on February 24, 1500.

Could Charles V make decisions alone?
No, he work with other people too.

Whose approval did he need before increasing taxes, for example?
The decisions about taxes needed the approval of the Parliments of each kingdom.

Who were the children of Charles I?
Felipe II of Spain, Maria de Hasburgo, Fernando, Juana de austria and Juan.

Who ruled each territory in the king’s name?
A viceroy or governor

Why did the king need to ask for loans?Because the taxes alone were not enough to finance his policies.

Why did Charles V have problems with France?
Because France was his main rival for supremacy in Europe.

The main battles against France: He said four wars with Francis I of France, who also aspired to the imperial crown, and that Charles demanded the return of Burgundy.
*In the first war (1521-1526), France, seized Milan and helped Henry II to restore the Kingdom of Navarre, after its conquest in 1512.
*In the second war (1526-1529) the imperial troops stormed and sacked Rome (Sack of Rome), forcing Pope Clement VII, an ally of Francis I, after the League of Cognac ", to take refuge in the Castel Sant'Angelo.
*The third (1535-1538) was produced by the French invasion of the Duchy of Savoy, an ally of Spain, with the intention to continue to Milan.
*The fourth (1542-1544) ended because of renewed conflict with the Protestants in Germany.

Why were the Ottoman Turks his rivals?
They were a constant threat in the Mediterranean and along the eastern boundary of The Holy Roman Empire.

The main battles against the Ottoman Empire: The Battle of Mohacs


What was his most serious problem?


How did he divide his possessions when he surrendered his power? The Holy Roman Empire went to his brother Ferdinand, and the rest of his possesions went to his son Philip.

Where Charles V decided to retire?

Martin Luther and the German Reformation and the Counter Reformation

Martin Luther and the German Reformation
1. (a) Describe the event that is taking place in the source
shown on the right.
Martin Luther is writing something on the door of a Church or Cathedral.
(b)Mention one immediate consequence of this event.
I think he is showing a new cathedral or church.

1. Explain the following terms:
(a)justification by faith: Martin Luther discovered the first Bible
(b) indulgences: Documents issued by the Pope to pardon sins for money
(c) Papal bull: Through his bulls, popes have been declaring their willingness to their faithful.
(d) excommunicated: Pope denied the right to take the Holy Host
(e) heretic: they were persecuted by the Inquisition
(f) clerical celibacy: Not being married and in the use of the Church, a commitment not to marry. The Church makes a distinction between celibacy lay and ecclesiastical celibacy. In both cases, freely chosen, for religious reasons, not married.

2. Write briefly four important landmarks in the life of Martin Luther.
The excommunication
The justification by faith

Counter-reformation

1. Why was the Council of Trent summoned? It was to stop the Protestant movement and improve conditions in the church.

2. Identify three conclusions reached at this Council.

(a) New ways of spreding Catholicism

(b) New religious orders were former

(c)They formed the Society of Jesus

3. Name five countries in Europe where the Counter-Reformation was successful and one country

where it was not.

(a) Successful in: Spain, France, Italy, Germany and

(b) Unsuccessful in: England and Scotland.

Vocabulary Unit 7 and Unit 8

Unit 7

Unit 8

Marco Polo: He was a navegator who made a lot of journeys to discovered the world Technical advances: They were the portulan charts, the navigational instruments and ships Portulan Charts: They were new maps that showed the coastline and any obstacles Compass: it was a new navigational instrument which marked the north astrolabe: It is a historical astronomical instrumentused by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; determining local time Quadrant: A quadrant is an instrument that is used to measure angles up to 90°. Caravels: A 'caravel' is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by thePortuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. Prince Henry the Navigator: was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations. Bartolomeu Dias: He rounded the Cape of Good Hope Vasco de Gama: He reached India Christopher Columbus: He was a Genoese sailor Ferdinand Magallan: He captained the Magellan's expedition. Juan Sebastian Elcano: He was the second-in-command Overseas empires: great empires Treaty of Tordesillas: unexplored regions were divided by this. Indigenous population of America

The plague: the most terrible event en the 14th century The Black Death: the same of the plague Bourgueoisie: became influential bureaucracy: a professional and centralised administration army: troops paid by the monarch diplomatic: system to maintain relations with other countries autoritarian monarchies: they were born Ivan the Great: unified Russia Henry VIII: increased the royal power in the early sixteenth century Charles VII: unified France Francis I: unified France Catholic Monarchs: unified Spain Holy brotherhood: a judicial force Royal Council: the highest judicial body Corregidores: to establish royal authority in the towns Treasury: it was stregthned by the Monarchs Tribunal of the Inquisition: to prosecute heretics conversos: Jews who converted into Christianism Mudejares: Spanish Muslims Moriscos: Muslims who converted to Christianity.

complete the information in these works

Auteur: Raphael
Work: The Holy Family with a lamb
Type of work: oil
Function or Subject: Religion. The Virgin Mary helps the baby Jesus riding on a lamb under the gaze of San Jose.
Decoration or Characteristics: The colors and brushstrokes are a very good match to the original.




Auteur: Donatello
Work: Statue of David
Type of work: bronze statue
Function or Subject: The statue shows the David's victory on Goliat.
Decoration or Characteristics: the first freestanding nude male sculpture











Auteur: Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera.
Work: The Monastery of el Escorial
Type of work: It's make by granite
Function or Subject: The king Philiph II gave the orders to construct the monastery to commemorate the victory of San Quintin's battle on the frenchmen on August 10, 1557.
Decoration or Characteristics: The monastery of El Escorial looks like an enormous horizontal, closed an hermetic structure splashed by the vertical accents of the towers that surround the central dome.